1. Te hanganga me ngā wāhanga matua o te hau para peita rehu
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te tukanga peita i roto i ngā mīhini, ngā motuka, ngā taputapu hiko, ngā taputapu kāinga, ngā kaipuke, ngā taonga me ētahi atu ahumahi.
Rauemi mata o te peita —— he mea hanga te peita mai i ngā mea kore-pupuhi me ngā mea pupuhi, tae atu ki te kiriata me te kiriata āwhina, ā, ka whakamahia te kaihoko waimeha pupuhi hei waimeha i te peita, kia maeneene ai, kia ataahua ai te mata peita.
Ko te nuinga o te tukanga rehu peita ka puta he kohu peita me te parahanga hau para koiora, i raro i te mahi a te pēhanga teitei o te peita ki roto i ngā matūriki, i te wā e rehu ana, kāore tetahi wāhanga o te peita i tae ki te mata rehu, ka horapa me te hau hei hanga i te kohu peita; mai i te whakakorikori o te wairewa, kāore te whakarewa koiora e piri ki te mata peita, ka tukuna e te tukanga peita me te whakaora te hau para koiora (e ai ki ngā rau o ngā matū waro ahua, ko te alkane, te alkane, te olefin, ngā matū kakara, te waipiro, te aldehyde, te ketone, te ester, te ether, me ētahi atu matū).
2. Pūtake me ngā āhuatanga o te hau putanga o te paninga waka
Me whakahaere te awheawhe peita waka i te maimoatanga peita o mua, te hikohiko me te rehu peita ki te mea mahi. Kei roto i te tukanga peita ko te rehu peita, te rere me te whakamaroke, ā, i roto i ēnei tukanga ka puta he hau para waro (VOC) me te rehu rehu, nō reira me rehu te maimoatanga hau para o te rūma peita i ēnei tukanga.
(1) Te hau para mai i te rūma peita rehu
Hei pupuri i te taiao mahi rehu, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te Ture Haumaru me te Hauora Mahi, me whakawhiti tonu te hau i roto i te rūma rehu, ā, me whakahaere te tere whakawhiti hau i roto i te awhe (0.25~1) m/s. Ko te hanganga matua o te hau putanga hau ko te whakarewa waro o te peita rehu, ko ōna wāhanga matua ko ngā hauwaiwaro kakara (e toru ngā benzene me te hauwaiwaro kore-methane), te waipiro etera, te whakarewa waro etera, nā te mea he tino nui te rahinga putanga o te rūma rehu, nō reira he tino iti te kukū katoa o te hau para waro e tukuna ana, tata ki te 100 mg/m3. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā kei roto i te putanga o te rūma peita he iti noa te kohu peita kāore i rongoatia, inā koa ko te rūma rehu hopu rehu peita maroke, ko te kohu peita i roto i te putanga, ka waiho pea hei arai ki te maimoatanga hau para, me maimoatanga mua i te maimoatanga hau para.
(2) Te hau para mai i te rūma whakamaroke
I muri i te rehu i te peita kanohi i mua i te whakamaroke, me rere te hau, whakamakuku te kiriata peita whakarewa waro i roto i te tukanga whakamaroke. Hei ārai i te pahūtanga o te hau o roto mai i te whakarewa waro, me noho tonu te hau o te rūma, me te tere o te hurihanga o te hau i te nuinga o te wā e whakahaeretia ana i te 0.2 m/s, ko te hanganga o te putanga hau me te hanganga putanga hau o te rūma peita, engari kāore he kohu peita. Ko te kukū katoa o te hau para waro he nui ake i te rūma rehu. E ai ki te nui o te putanga hau, ko te kukū o te hau putanga hau o te rūma rehu he 2 ngā wā, ka taea te tae ki te 300 mg/m3, ko te tikanga ka konatunatua ki te putanga hau o te rūma rehu i muri i te maimoatanga pokapū. Hei tāpiri, ko te rere o te paru paru o te rūma peita me te peita mata me tuku atu hoki he hau para waro rite tonu.
(3)Dte hau putanga e pupuhi ana
He uaua ake te hanganga o te hau para whakamaroke, haunga te whakarewa waro, te wāhanga o te monomer plasticizer, te kapia rānei me ētahi atu wāhanga pūngāwerewere, engari kei roto hoki ngā hua pirau wera me ngā hua tauhohenga. He tukunga hau putanga o te whakamaroke paninga hiko me te momo whakarewa, engari he nui te rerekētanga o tōna hanganga me te kukū.
※Ngā tūponotanga o te hau putanga peita rehu:
E mōhiotia ana mai i te tātaritanga he iti te kukū o te hau para mai i te rūma rehu, te rūma whakamaroke, te rūma whakaranu peita me te rūma maimoatanga paru peita o runga, ā, he nui te rere o ngā mea matua o ngā poke, ko ngā hauwaiwaro kakara, ngā etera waipiro me ngā whakarewa waro etera. E ai ki te "Paerewa Tukunga Whānui mō te Pokanga Hau", ko te kukū o ēnei hau para kei roto i te rohe tukunga. Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te reiti tukunga i roto i te paerewa, he maha ngā wheketere motuka e whakamahi ana i te tikanga tukunga teitei. Ahakoa ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa tukunga o nāianei, engari ko te hau para he tukunga kua whakaranua kāore i te rongoatia, ā, ko te tapeke o ngā poke hau e tukuna ana e te raina paninga tinana nui ka eke ki te rau tana, ka tino kino te āhuarangi.
Ko te kohu peita i roto i te whakarewa waro —— te benzene, te toluene, te xylene he whakarewa paitini kaha, e rere ana ki te hau i roto i te awheawhe, i muri i te manawa o ngā kaimahi ki te ara manawa ka puta he paihana whakapeka me te roa, ko te nuinga ka puta he kino ki te pūnaha io matua me te pūnaha toto. Ki te manawa poto, he nui te kukū o te kohu benzene (neke atu i te 1500 mg/m3), ka puta he anemia aplastic. He maha ngā wā ka manawahia he kohu benzene kukū iti ka puta hoki he ruaki, he tohu mate pūnaha io pēnei i te pōhēhē.
※Te kōwhiringa o te tikanga maimoatanga hau para mō te peita rehu me te paninga:
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tikanga maimoatanga rauropi, me whai whakaaro whānui ki ēnei āhuatanga: te momo me te kukū o ngā poke rauropi, te pāmahana me te tere rere o te putanga hau rauropi, te nui o ngā matūriki, me te taumata whakahaere poke e tika ana kia tutuki.
1Speita inoi i te pāmahana rūma maimoatanga
Ko te hau putanga mai i te rūma peita, te rūma whakamaroke, te rūma whakaranu peita me te rūma tukatuka paru topcoat he hau putanga pāmahana rūma he iti te kukū me te rere nui, ā, ko te hanganga matua o ngā poke he warowaihā kakara, he waipiro me ngā etera me ngā whakarewa waro etera. E ai ki te GB16297 "Paerewa Tukunga Whānui mō te Pokanga Hau", ko te kukū o ēnei hau para kei roto i te rohe tukunga. Hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga reiti tukunga i roto i te paerewa, he maha ngā wheketere motuka e whakamahi ana i te tikanga tukunga teitei. Ahakoa ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa tukunga o nāianei, engari ko te hau para he tukunga waimeha me te kore maimoatanga, ā, ko te tapeke o ngā poke hau e tukuna ana e te raina paninga tinana nui ka eke ki te rau tana, ka tino kino ki te hau.
Hei whakaiti i te tukunga o ngā poke hau putanga, ka taea te whakamahi tahi i ētahi tikanga maimoatanga hau putanga mō te maimoatanga, engari he tino nui te utu o te maimoatanga hau putanga me te nui o te hau. I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga tawhito kē ko te whakawhāiti tuatahi (me te wira mimiti-whakakore hei whakawhāiti i te tapeke o te 15 ngā wā), kia whakaitihia ai te tapeke hei tukatuka, kātahi ka whakamahi i te tikanga whakangaro hei tukatuka i te hau para kukū. He rite tonu ngā tikanga i Haina, ko te tuatahi ko te whakamahi i te tikanga mimiti (waro whakahohe, zeolite rānei hei mimiti) mō te mimiti hau para peita rehu pāmahana rūma kukū iti, me te mimiti hau pāmahana teitei, te whakamahi i te mura catalytic, te mura wera whakaora rānei hei maimoatanga. Kei te whakawhanakehia te tikanga maimoatanga koiora hau para peita rehu pāmahana noa kukū iti, engari kāore anō kia pakari te hangarau o te whare i tēnei wā, engari he mea tika kia aro atu ki tēnei. Hei whakaiti i te parahanga tūmatanui o te hau para paninga, me whakaoti hoki te raruraru mai i te pūtake, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā kapu hurihuri hiko me ētahi atu huarahi hei whakapai ake i te tere whakamahinga o ngā paninga, te whakawhanake i ngā paninga wai-hāngai me ētahi atu paninga tiaki taiao.
2Dte tukatuka hau para
Ko te hau para whakamaroke he hau para pāmahana teitei, he kukū waenga, he kukū teitei hoki, e tika ana mō te maimoatanga tikanga tahu. E toru ngā tawhā nui o te tauhohenga tahu: te wā, te pāmahana, te whakararuraru, arā, te tahu o ngā āhuatanga 3T. Ko te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga hau para ko te nui o te tauhohenga tahu, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere āhuatanga 3T o te tauhohenga tahu. Ka taea e te RTO te whakahaere i te pāmahana tahu (820~900℃) me te wā noho (1.0~1.2s), me te whakarite kia tino whakaranua te whakararuraru e tika ana (kua tino whakaranua te hau me te mea rauropi), tae atu ki te 99% te whai huatanga o te maimoatanga, ā, he teitei te tere wera para, ā, he iti te whakapaunga pūngao whakahaere. Ko te nuinga o ngā wheketere motuka Hapanihi i Hapani me Haina e whakamahi ana i te RTO hei tukatuka pokapū i te hau putanga o te whakamaroke (te paninga tuatahi, te paninga waenga, te whakamaroke paninga o runga). Hei tauira, ko te raina paninga motuka pāhihi a Dongfeng Nissan Huadu e whakamahi ana i te maimoatanga pokapū RTO o te whakamaroke paninga he tino pai te pānga, ā, e tutuki katoa ana i ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture tukunga. Heoi, nā te nui o te haumitanga kotahi ki ngā taputapu maimoatanga hau para RTO, kāore e tika ana te tukatuka hau para me te iti o te rere o te hau para.
Mō te raina whakaputa paninga kua oti, ina hiahiatia he taputapu maimoatanga hau para tāpiri, ka taea te whakamahi i te pūnaha tahunga whakakorikori me te pūnaha tahunga wera whakaora. He iti te haumitanga o te pūnaha tahunga whakakorikori, ā, he iti te whakapaunga pūngao tahunga.
I te nuinga o te wā, mā te whakamahi i te konukawata hei whakakorikori ka taea te whakaiti i te pāmahana o te nuinga o ngā hau para waro e whakakorikori ana ki te 315℃. Ka taea te whakamahi i te pūnaha tahunga whakakorikori mō te whakamaroke whānui i ngā hau para, he mea tino pai mō te whakamaroke hiko mā te whakamahi i ngā wā whakamahana hiko, ko te raruraru o nāianei ko te karo i te korenga o te paihana whakakorikori. Mai i ngā wheako o ētahi kaiwhakamahi, mō te whakamaroke peita mata whānui i te hau para, mā te whakanui ake i te tātari hau para me ētahi atu tikanga, ka taea te whakarite kia 3~5 tau te roa o te ora o te whakakorikori; he ngāwari te paihana whakakorikori i te hau para whakamaroke peita hiko, nō reira me tino tupato te maimoatanga o te hau para whakamaroke peita hiko mā te whakamahi i te tahunga whakakorikori. I roto i te tukanga maimoatanga hau para me te whakawhiti i te raina paninga tinana waka arumoni Dongfeng, ka tukatukahia te hau para o te whakamaroke tuatahi hiko mā te tikanga RTO, ā, ka tukatukahia te hau para o te whakamaroke peita o runga mā te tikanga tahunga whakakorikori, ā, he pai te pānga whakamahi.
※Te tukanga maimoatanga hau para o te paninga peita rehu:
Ko te kaupapa tukatuka hau para o te ahumahi rehu e whakamahia ana mō te tukatuka hau para o ngā rūma peita rehu, te tukatuka hau para o ngā whare hanga taonga, te tukatuka hau para o ngā umanga hanga mīhini, te tukatuka hau para o ngā whare hanga ārai, te hanga waka me te tukatuka hau para o ngā rūma peita rehu o te toa waka 4S. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā tukanga tukatuka, pērā i: te tikanga whakatōtō, te tikanga mimiti, te tikanga tahu, te tikanga whakakorikori, te tikanga mimiti, te tikanga koiora me te tikanga katote.
1. WTikanga rehu wai + te mimiti me te tango waro whakahohe + te tahunga whakakorikori
Mā te whakamahi i te pourewa rehu hei tango i te kohu peita me te rauemi wairewa i roto i te wai, i muri i te tātari maroke, i roto i te taputapu mimiti waro whakahohe, pērā i te mimiti waro whakahohe kua whakakiia, kātahi ka tangohia te wai (tikanga tango me te tango mamaoa, whakamahana hiko, tango hauota), i muri i te tango hau (kua piki ake te kukū o te maha o ngā wā) mā te tango i te hau ki roto i te taputapu mura catalytic, ka tahuna ki te hauhā me te wai, i muri i te tukunga.
2. Wrehu wai + tikanga mimiti waro whakahohe me te tikanga whakaora mimiti + hauhautanga
Mā te whakamahi i te pourewa rehu hei tango i te kohu peita me ngā rauemi wairewa i roto i te wai, i muri i te tātari maroke, ki roto i te taputapu mimiti waro whakahohe, pērā i te mimiti waro whakahohe kua whakakiia, kātahi ka tangohia (tikanga tango me te tango mamaoa, whakamahana hiko, tango hauota), i muri i te tukatuka i te kukū mimiti hau para, ka wehea te kondensasi mā te wehenga whakaora o ngā mea rauropi utu nui. Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga mō te tukatuka hau para me te kukū teitei, te pāmahana iti me te iti o te rahinga hau. Engari ko te haumi i tēnei tikanga, te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao, te utu whakahaere, ko te kukū o te hau putanga peita rehu "toru benzene" me ētahi atu he iti iho i te 300 mg/m3, he kukū iti, he nui te rahinga hau (he maha ngā wā kei runga ake i te 100000 te nui o te hau i roto i te awheawhe peita hanga waka), ā, nā te mea he uaua ki te whakamahi i te hanganga whakarewa rauropi o te putanga paninga waka, he uaua ki te whakamahi i te whakarewa hangarua, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakaputa parahanga tuarua, nō reira ko te paninga i roto i te maimoatanga hau para he maha ngā wā kāore e whakamahia tēnei tikanga.
3. Wtikanga mimiti hau aste
Ka taea te wehewehe i te mimiti o te hau para peita rehu ki te mimiti matū me te mimiti ā-tinana, engari he iti te kaha matū o te hau para "toru-benzene", ā, kāore e whakamahia te mimiti matū. He iti ake te mimiti o te wai mimiti ā-tinana, ā, he nui ake te kaha o te mimiti i ngā wāhanga ki te whakamahana, ki te whakamatao me te whakamahi anō hei tātari i te mimiti mākū. Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga mō te nekenga hau, te pāmahana iti, me te kukū iti. He uaua te tāutanga, he nui te haumi, he uaua ake te whiriwhiri i te wai mimiti, e rua ngā parahanga.
4. Hetaputapu mimiti waro whakaoho + taputapu whakahāngai UV photocatalytic
(1): Mā te waro whakahohe ka mimiti tika te hau waro, ka eke ki te tere purenga o te 95%, he māmā ngā taputapu, he iti te haumi, he watea te whakahaere, engari me whakakapi pinepine te waro whakahohe, he iti te kukū o ngā poke, kāore he whakaora. (2) Tikanga mimiti: ka mimiti te hau waro whakahohe i roto i te waro whakahohe, ka mimiti te waro whakahohe ki te hau kua whakakiia, ka whakahoutia.
5.Hete mimiti waro whakaohooho + ngā taputapu plasma pāmahana-iti
I muri i te mimiti waro whakahohe tuatahi, kātahi ka tukatuka i ngā taputapu plasma pāmahana iti, ka tukatukahia te paerewa o te tukunga hau. Ko te tikanga katote ko te whakamahi i te plasma plasma (ION plasma) te whakaiti i te hau para waro, te tango i te haunga, te patu i ngā huakita, ngā huaketo, te pure i te hau he whakataurite hangarau teitei o te ao, e kiia ana ko ngā tohunga i te kāinga me tāwāhi tetahi o ngā hangarau pūtaiao taiao nui e whā o te rautau 21. Ko te mea nui ki te hangarau ko te tukunga poraka reo ngaohiko teitei i roto i te ahua o te maha o te hāora katote hohe (plasma), te whakahohenga hau, te whakaputa i ngā momo rauropi kore hohe katoa, pēnei i te OH, HO2, O, me ētahi atu, te benzene, toluene, xylene, ammonia, alkane me ētahi atu para waro ka whakangaro i te hau, te waikura me ētahi atu tauhohenga tinana me te matū uaua, me te kore paitini o ngā hua taha, te karo i te parahanga tuarua. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te hangarau he tino iti te whakamahinga pūngao, he iti te wāhi, he ngawari te whakahaere me te tiaki, ā, he tino pai mō te maimoatanga o ngā momo hau wāhanga.
Bwhakarāpopototanga o te rief:
He maha ngā momo tikanga maimoatanga kei te mākete ināianei, kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa maimoatanga ā-motu me ā-rohe, ka whiriwhiria e mātou ētahi tikanga maimoatanga hei whakakotahi i te hau para, kia rite ki tā rātou ake tukanga maimoatanga tuturu.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-28-2022
