1. Te Maimoatanga i muaHei tango i te hinu kore e hiahiatia, ngā toenga whakarewa, me ngā poke mai i te mata o te tinana o te waka e tomo mai ana i te wheketere tinana, he kiriata konutea phosphate (3~5㎛) ka pania ki te mata o te tinana waka hei whakanui ake i te piri i te wā e pania ana (whakapūtanga hiko). Hei tiaki i te waikura o te tinana waka.
- Te horoinga i mua: I muri i te huihuinga o te tinana, ka horoia ki te wai i mua i te tango hinu.
- Te tango hinu matua: Ka tangohia te hinu mai i te tinana o te motuka.
- Horoi ā-whakaaro: He rongoā maimoatanga me te titanium hei wāhanga matua, e hanga ana i te maha o ngā colloids i runga i te mata whakarewa hei whakanui ake i te tauhohenga mō te hanga i tētahi kiriata konutea phosphate matotoru hei whakaputa i ngā tioata angiangi, matotoru hoki.
- Kiriata konutea phosphate: Ka pania he kiriata konutea phosphate hei whakapakari i te piri o te paninga o raro, hei aukati hoki i te tauhohenga waikura.
1) Ka tīmata te whakairo i te wāhanga anode o te pepa maitai i roto i te otinga paninga
2) I runga i te ia waikura, ka pau ngā katione i te katote, ā, ka piki te pH o te atanga.
3) Ka huri te colloid i runga i te mata hei karihi, ā, ka whakatio
- Omuku maroke wai: Ko te tukanga tango katoa i te makuku mai i te papa i muri i te otinga o te tukanga maimoatanga-mua.
※ Te whakawhiti wera me te whakamaroke i roto i te whakamaroke ringa
I muri i te hipoki i te tinana ki te kiriata konutea phosphate ( ), horoia ki te wai, ka whakamaroke ki te ringa. Ko te whakamaroke ā-ringa he tukanga hei tango katoa i te makuku mai i te mea hei pania, kātahi ka mahi i te tukanga peita e whai ake nei. Whakanuia te pāmahana hei mimiti i te makuku mā te whakawhiti wera. Ko te whakamaroke (momona) he āhuatanga e puta ana ina iti iho te pāmahana o te mata totoka e pa ana i te pūwāhi kohua, ā, he iti iho te pēhanga hau i te pēhanga kohu. Ka puta he huringa āhua. He rerekē te pāmahana me te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te oumu whakamaroke ā-ringa i runga i te rauemi, te matotoru, me te āhua o te mea hei pania. I te nuinga o te wā, he 10 meneti i te 120~150℃ te mea noa, ā, ko te take mō te whakapiki i te pāmahana he whakanui ake i te pēhanga kohu o te wai e rite ana ki taua pāmahana, kia tere ake ai te maroke mā te tuku atu i te kaha wera. I tēnei wā, kaua e puta he huringa whakarewa, matū rānei nā te pāmahana.
1,Te tukanga whakapūtanga hikoHe tukanga hanga i tētahi kiriata paninga ki roto, ki waho rānei o te tinana o te waka mā te whakamahi i te hikohiko i muri i te rumakina o te tinana o te waka ki roto i te peita whakapūmau hiko, hei ārai i te waikura o te tinana o te waka.
- Te Whakapūtanga Hiko: Ko te peita whakapūtanga hiko he tukanga peita e piri ai te peita ki te hiko mā te ruku i te tinana o te motuka ki roto i te wai peita, ka rere te anode, te cathode rānei mā roto i te tinana o te motuka. Heoi, he tikanga e tika ana mō te whakaputa papatipu, ā, he uaua ki te peita anō ina piri te kiriata paninga, ā, kāore e rere te hiko.
- Horoi-kore
- Ōumu Whakamaroke Hiko: Mō ngā paninga hiko cationic, e whakamahia ana i te nuinga o te wā, ka whakamahia he ōumu whakamaroke wera nā te mea ka whakangawaritia te kiriata kua pania ki te mata e te wai wera mā te tauhohenga hononga wera (whakamaroke wera). Ka rerekē te pāmahana me te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamaroke wera i runga i te rauemi, te matotoru, me te āhua o te mea hei paninga. Mō te mea he mea pania angiangi, ko te pāmahana o te mata he 200-210°C, ā, ko te pāmahana o te ōumu whakamaroke he 210-230°C, ā, ko te wā whakamahana he 20-30 meneti te roa, mō te 10 meneti neke atu rānei mō te wā whakamahana o te mea hei paninga me te wā pupuri 200-210°C.
- Te whakakanapa hiko: Te huri i ngā wāhanga taratara me ngā wāhanga e pupū ake ana o te mata kia maeneene.
2, Peita HauruaKoinei te tukanga paninga peita, e kiia ana ko te paninga tuatahi. Ka horoia te mata kia piri pai ai te paninga o runga, ā, ka whai wāhi hoki ki te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura. Ka whakamahia e au he tae rerekē mō waenganui kia ōrite ki te tae o te paninga o runga.
- Tukanga takawaenga
- Ouma whakamaroke waenga
3, koti o rungaKo te tukanga o te paninga i te tae o te waka e kitea ana, me te whakaoti ki te peita mārama. Nō nā tata nei, nā runga i ngā ture taiao, me ētahi atu, ka whakamahia haeretia ngā peita hoa-taiao (he iti te ihirangi matū pupuhi). Mārama i muri i te paninga o runga
- tukanga paninga o runga
- Ouma whakamaroke paparanga
※ Te whakawhiti wera i roto i te oumu whakamahana me te whakamaroke i te paninga hiko/waenganui/runga
I roto i te oumu whakamaroke, e rua ngā huarahi e whakawhitihia ai te wera ki te mata kua peitahia.
Te Whakawhitiwhiti: Kia ngāwari ai te eke ki te pāmahana whakamaroke wera o te kiriata paninga, me tere te rere o te hau, ā, ka whiwhihia te whakawhiti tere mā te huri i te hau wera i roto i te oumu whakamaroke i te tere hau nui (whakawhiti āki).
Te wera hihi: Ka whakamahanahia te pakitara ki ngā rau nekehanga i runga ake i te pāmahana whakamaroke o te kiriata paninga i roto i tētahi oumu whakamaroke i hangaia mōna, ā, ka tukuna te wera wera ki te mata peita i te ara kotahi e whakamahana ai te oumu i te tinana.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-08-2022
