Anei ngā mea me mōhio koe mō te koti waka

E whā ngā paparanga o te peita o te motuka i roto i te tukanga peita tuku iho, e mahi tahi ana ēnei hei tiaki, hei ataahua hoki mō te tinana, i konei ka whakamāramahia te ingoa me te mahi a ia paparanga opeita waka

Koti-e (CED)
Tāpirihia te tinana mā kua oti te tukatuka ki roto i te peita hiko-pūngao cationic, tāpirihia te hiko pai ki te ngongo anode kei raro i te tāke hiko-pūngao me te pereti pakitara, me te hiko kino ki te tinana, kia puta ai he rerekētanga pūmanawa i waenga i te ngongo anode me te tinana, ā, ka heke te peita hiko-pūngao cationic kua utaina pai ki te tinana mā i raro i te pānga o te rerekētanga pūmanawa, ā, ka piri ki te tinana hei hanga i tētahi kiriata peita matotoru, e kiia nei ko te peita hiko-pūngao, ā, ka noho te peita hiko-pūngao hei paparanga hiko-pūngao i muri i te whakamaroke i roto i te oumu tunu.

Ka taea te whakatau tata i te paparanga hikohiko hei paparanga peita e piri tika ana ki te pereti maitai o te tinana, nō reira ka hangaia hoki hei paninga. Inaa, he paparanga phosphate i hangaia i te maimoatanga o mua i waenganui i te paparanga hikohiko me te pereti maitai, ā, he tino angiangi te paparanga phosphate, he torutoru μm noa iho, kāore e kōrerohia i konei. Ko te mahi a te paparanga hikohiko e rua ngā mea matua, ko tētahi hei ārai i te waikura, ko tētahi hei whakapai ake i te hononga o te paparanga peita. Ko te kaha ārai waikura o te paparanga hikohiko te mea tino nui, tino hira hoki o ngā paparanga peita e whā, ki te kore e pai te kounga o te paninga hikohiko, ka ngāwari te peita ki te pupuhi, ā, ki te werohia e koe te mirumiru, ka kitea e koe ngā paru waikura i roto, ko te tikanga ka whakangaromia te paparanga hikohiko ka waikura te pereti rino. I ngā tau tōmua, i tīmata noa te waitohu motuhake, kāore e taea te pupuri i te tukanga, he mea noa ake te āhua o tēnei pupuhi tinana, ā, ka puta te peita i te wāhanga i te wāhanga ka taka atu i te āhuatanga, ināianei me te hanganga o ngā wheketere hou, te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau hou, ngā paerewa kounga teitei, kua whakakorea rawatia tēnei āhuatanga. He nui ngā ahunga whakamua a ngā waitohu motuhake i roto i ngā tau, ā, ko taku tumanako ka taea e rātou te whakapai ake, te whakapai ake, ā, i te mutunga ka mau i te haki o te umanga motuka ā-motu o Haina.

Waenga-koti
Ko te paninga waenga he paparanga peita i waenganui i te paparanga hikohiko me te paparanga peita tae, ka rehuhia e te karetao ki te peita paninga waenga. Inaianei he tukanga kore paninga waenga, e whakakore ana i te paninga waenga ka hanumi ki te paparanga tae. - Ko te whakautu a Dai Shaohe, ko te "Soul Red" i konei e whakamahi ana i tēnei tukanga, mai i konei ka kite tātou ehara te paninga waenga i te hanganga paparanga peita tino nui, he tino māmā tana mahi, he ārai-UV, he tiaki i te paparanga hikohiko, he whakapai ake i te ātete waikura, me te whai whakaaro ki te maeneene me te ātete pānga o te mata peita, ā, i te mutunga ka taea hoki te whakarato i ētahi piri mō te paparanga peita tae. Hei whakamutunga, ka taea hoki e ia te whakarato i ētahi piri mō te paparanga tae. Ka kitea ko te paninga waenga he paparanga o runga me raro, e mahi ana i te mahi hono mō ngā paninga mahi e rua o te paparanga hikohiko me te paparanga tae.

Koti runga
Ko te paparanga peita tae, e ai ki te ingoa, ko te paparanga peita he tae e homai ana ki a tātou te māramatanga tika o te tae, whero, mangu rānei, kikorangi Kingfisher rānei, hina Pittsburgh rānei, hiriwa Cashmere rānei, mā Supersonic Quartz rānei. He rerekē, he noa rānei ēnei tae, he uaua rānei te whakaingoa i te tae mā te paparanga peita tae. Ko te kounga o te paparanga peita i rehuhia e whakatau tika ana i te kaha o te whakaaturanga tae o te tinana, ā, he mea tino nui te mahi.

Peita taeka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā momo e ai ki ngā tāpiringa rerekē: te peita noa, te peita whakarewa me te peita pērara.

A. Peita noaHe tae parakore, he whero noa iho te whero, he mā noa iho te mā, he tino noa iho, kāore he ranunga tae kē atu, kāore he kanapa whakarewa, e kiia nei ko te peita noa iho. He rite ki te kaitiaki i mua i te Whare Ariki o Buckingham, ahakoa tangi, kata, maringi rānei, kāore ia e aro ki a koe, e tū tika ana, e titiro whakamua ana, he kanohi pono tonu. Tērā pea ētahi e whakaaro ana he koretake te peita noa, ā, kāore e mōhio me pēhea te whakamahi i te panoni hei whakahari i ngā manuhiri, engari kei reira anō ētahi e pai ana ki tēnei tae parakore, he noa iho, he iti noa iho, kāore he whakanui.